Sand replacement method is also known as sand cone method. Sand replacement method insitu dry density of soil. Evaluation of the sandcone method for determination of. The basic principle of sand replacement method is to. Sand replacement method suitable for fine and medium grained soils small pouring cylinder method. The soil or other material being tested should have sufficient cohesion or particle attraction to maintain stable sides on a small. Sand replacement density srd tests are used to measure the insitu density.
Field density test fdt 7 methods and their comparison. K4 soils laboratory plate bearing, insitu cbr k4 soils. The following are the most common types of field density test. Insitu density test soil testing engineering engtips.
Determination of dry density of soil by sand replacement. Although the test takes slightly longer to perform than some other. Standard test method for density and unit weight of soil. Insitu dry density of soil by sand replacement method. Bs sand replacement test sets, soil testing equipment. Determine the insitu density in gcm 3 or kgcm 3 of natural or compacted soils using sand replacement method. Sand replacement method is used to determine inplace dry density of natural or compacted fineand mediumgrained soils. Determination of insitu dry density by sand replacement method theory. By measuring the weight of sand required to fill the pit and knowing its density the volume of pit is calculated.
A hole of stated measurements is dug in the ground. The size of the hole is equivalent to the weight of the sand packed in the hole. Sand replacement test method is used to determine the field density or inplace density of earth embankments, road fills, subgrade, subbase or any of compacted material. The technician can now place the metal tray as per the consultant or quality engineers preferred location.
Sand replacement method its 2 procedure stages and. The basic principle of sand replacement method is to measure the insitu volume of hole from which the material was excavated from the weight of sand with known density filling in the hole. In this concrete the compaction is also tested by field density test usually sand replacement method. The sand replacement test set is used for the determination of the degree of compaction on site. Field density test by sand replacement method 8 field. In situ soil compaction testing sand cone testing youtube. The test can be carried out using either a small or large. Usually, the soil after compaction in the field has to be checked for the specified dry density.
D 5030 test method for density of soil and rock in place by the water replacement method in a test pit4 3. Although the test takes slightly longer to perform than some other insitu density tests, the test may be carried out on. The large is an alternative to that test for fine and mediumgrained soils and should be used instead of that test for layers exceeding 150mm, but not exceeding 250mm in thickness. Core cutter test of soil stepbystep guide method2 the sand replacement method. Insitu density determination by sand replacement method along the. This method of test is intended for determining the inplace density of soils. The procedures, materials, equipment, and specifications of this test is based on the indian standard is 2720 part 28. To determine the insitu dry density of soil by sand replacement method as per is. Dry and clean test sand of uniform gradation, passing through 1. The procedures, materials, equipment, and specifications of this test is based. The sand pouring cylinder is made of cast aluminum and precisely machined. S 2702 metal tray, 300mm square x 40mm depth with hole 100mm.
Theory by conducting this test it is possible to determine the field density of the soil. The sand replacement method is used to determine field density of soils and the sand replacement method of determination of in situ density uses a sandpouring cylinder, tray with a central circular hole, chisel, and cylindrical calibrating container. Insitu density determination by sand replacement method along the failure surface. Sand replacement method 1 scope this method describes the procedure for the in situ determination of the dry density of undisturbed or compacted soils and granular materials by sand replacement. Although the test takes slightly longer to perform than some other insitu density tests, the.
Insitu dry density by sand replacement method civilarc. The basic principle of sand replacement method is to measure the insitu volume of hole. The sand replacement test method is used to determine in situ dry density of soil. As a quality engineer, you should make sure that the area to be tested is compacted and within the area submitted in the inspection request. In sand replacement method, a small cylindrical pit is excavated and the weight of the soil excavated from the pit is measured. Field density testing using sand replacement method is the industry standard in field density soil testing. Determination of field density using the sand replacement method involves three steps. The apparatus needed is i sandpouring cylinder conforming to.
This test is done to determine the insitu dry density of soil by core cutter method as per is. The insitu density is typically used for highway or pavement design purposes to estimate the relative density of base course or subgrade materials. This method covers the determination insitu of the density of natural or compacted fine and medium grained soils for which 115mm diameter sand pouring cylinder is used in conjuction with replacement sand. It is specifically used for the density evaluation of soil in unsaturated condition. The principle of field density test is the replacement of soil excavated materials by the sand, the sand density is known so we can calculate the volume of the sand required to fill the hole. And main objective of test is to determine the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders the in situ density of natural soil is needed for the determination of bearing capacity of soils, for the purpose of stability analysis of slopes, for the. Covers the determination in situ of the density of undisturbed or compacted soils. Determine the insitu dry density of soil by core cutter. This method may be less accurate than the sand replacement test and. Here is the procedure on how to do the compaction test or insitu density test 1. Objective to determine the insitu density of natural or compacted soils using sand. The weight is divided by volume to determine the insitu bulk density of the sample. Field density testsand replacement method viderime.
There is a shutter between the cylinder and the cone. Core cutter method of field density test is conducted in the field to know whether the specified compaction is achieved or not in certain cases, it is necessary to determine the density of soil either as it exists naturally in the ground or as it may be compacted in the fill in the former case, this density of soil in place may be used to estimate the comparative strength of the soil. Sand replacement test sets insitu density tests utest. The sand replacement method of determination of in situ density uses a sandpouring cylinder, cylindrical calibrating container. The verification of the degree of compaction can be determinate on site by a simple procedure consisting essentially in removing and weighing a part of compacted soil and replacing in the hole with sand by a simple apparatus recording the volume of sand and then calculating the density of the removed soil.
The apparatus used in this field density test consists of a sand pouring cylinder, with pouring cone at its base. This covers the determination of the density of natural or compacted soil insitu. Sand replacement method for determination of field density. Sand replacement density srd tests are used to measure the insitu density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders. The insitu density of material is given by the weight of the excavated material divided by the insitu volume. S 2701 calibrating container, 100mm inside diameter x 50mm depth and 200mm diameter outside rim. The insitu test selected by the contractor is the sandreplacement test with associated omcmdd from lab testing. By knowing the volume of the hole excavated in soil and the weight of.
The basic principle of sand replacement method is to measure the insitu volume of hole from which the material was excavated from the weight of sand with. This test method is suitable for fine and medium grained soils by using small pouring cylinder 115mm diameter and for fine, medium and coarse grained soils by. Fdt is a insitu density test of soil that is used in various types of construction. There are various types of sand replacement equipment in use, but all types have the following essential features. Field density test of soil by sand replacement method. The apparatus needed is i sandpouring cylinder conforming to is. The method is not suitable for dry sand as the same cannot be retained in the cutter while lifting, besides the compaction induced by the vibration generated by the weight falling on the dolly, which affects the natural density. Insitu density test sand replacement method small pouring cylinder method. Ian farmer associates ltd material testing insitu testing. Astm d4914 d4914m 16 standard test methods for density. The main contractor is required to demonstrate the fill placed in layers and compacted by rollers is 95 or 98% of its mdd. The sand replacement method is used to determine inplace density. The sand replacement method of determination of in situ density uses a sandpouring cylinder, cylindrical calibrating container, tray with a central circular hole, and a chisel. Determine insitu dry density by sand replacement method.
Objective determine the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders. Determine the insitu dry density of soil by sand replacement. Sand replacement method is also commonly known as the sand cone method. The field density of natural soil is needed for the determination of bearing capacity of soils, for the purpose of stability analysis of slopes, for the determination of pressures on underlying strata for. Field dry density by sand replacement method youtube. Need and scope the in situ density of natural soil is needed for the determination of bearing capacity of soils, for the purpose of stability analysis of slopes, for the determination of pressures on. Determination of field density test of soil by core cutter. The density of the compacted soil calculated from the sandcone method could be correct, provided the calibration container has approximately the same size or volume and allows the sand to fall to approximately the same height as a test hole in the field. Inplace density and water content of by nuclear methods. The insitu dry density of soil can be efficiently determined by the sand replacement method. Nuclear density gauge was ruled out due to issues associated with radioactive permitting in the country. This test is done to determine the insitu dry density of soil by sand replacement method as per is.
The water replacement test method is used for the determination of field density of soil and rocks includes materials that commonly contain particles larger than 75mm in a test pit based on the astm d5030. This is usually done by the sand replacement method. Although the test takes slightly longer to perform than some other insitu density tests, the test may be carried out on most type of materials. For construction control, these test methods are often used as the bases for acceptance of material compacted to a specified density or to a percentage of a maximum unit weight determined by a standard laboratory test method such as. The size of the hole is ascertained by filling it up with clean, unvarying sand whose dry density is computed distinctly by standardization.
This test is of significant importance and it has been widely used in various construction project sites. Field density test of soil is conducted in the field to know whether the specified compaction is achieved or not. In sand replacement or rubber balloon method it is measured indirectly while in core cutter method you can calculate the volume of core. Determine the in situ density of natural or compacted theory by conducting this test it is possible. Sand whose density is known is filled into the pit. Determine the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using sand pouring cylinders. Insitu bulk density is determined using the following usual relation. Sand replacement method for measuring dry density insitu compacted soil standards. This set of equipment has been put together to list what is necessary to carry out the test using the method described in bs77 part 9 additional items may be required, please refer to the standard check box to select. A drawback to this method of testing is that you need to be able to dry the in situ sample, which can add a time duration to receiving test results if your contractor is in production and. The sand replacement method is the most widely used insitu density test. Dry density insitu, sand replacement method, bs 77. Although the test takes slightly longer to perform than some other insitu density tests, the test. To determine the insitu density of soil by sand replacement method.